Some of you might think it strange that when mother gave coookies

to her baby we say "Kodomo ni okashi o tabesaseta.(I had may son

eat cookies )"(C)

to do something but also help someone to do something.

This month we will show you the causative voice.
If you know nothing about the causative voice please click here.

1, Compulsion

1. The fundamental form of causative sentence is like these.
   

   "Sensei wa gakusei ni hon o yomasemasu.(The teacher makes a student read a book.)"

   "Sensei wa gakusei o tatase masu.(The teacher makes a student stand.)"

   The causative form is usually used when the senior or superior makes

   his(her) inferior or junior to do a certain act regardless of their will

   and implies that force is involved.

   So you can not use this form to your fellow worker, superior and senior.

   

   In those cases you have to use "--te morau "(We explain them in August lesson)

   "Shacho ni sign o shitemorai mashita.(I had the president sign )"(1)

   "Koibito ni matte morai mashita .(I had my boyfriend wait)"(2)

2. When the causative verb expresses one's feeling, the meaning of

   the sentenses is a little bit different from A .

   These sentenses means Mr.(Ms.)X's act causes Mr.(Ms.)Y's feeling.

   (Y is indicated by particle"o".

   

   "Kare wa ojiisan o okorase mashita.(His act caused the grandpa's anger.

   He makes the grandpa angry.)"

   "Kodomo wa byouki de okaasan o shinpai sasemashita.(Her illness caused her mother's great anxiety.)

This type of causative sentence expresses someone allows or lets the person

to do a certain act. Please look at following pictures.

We describe these situations as

"Kodomo o asobaseru.(She let her child play there.)"(1)

"Kare ni denwa o tsukawaseta.( He allowed his colleague to use telephone.)(2)

When we ask someone a favor of doing something

we use (the causative form (type2)+ tekudasai)

"dennwa o kakesasete kudasai. (Please let me use your phone?)"

" Koko de hon o yomasete kudasai. (Please let me read here.)"

"Ashita yasumasete kudasai.(I'd like to take a day off tomorrow.)"

3, Service(doing something for someone)

"Kodomo ni yasai o tabesaseru ." This sentenses have two meanings.

One is to force someone to do something(pinture A), and the other is to do

something for someone(picture B).

Please look at the next pictures.

Both (A-1) and (A-2) was exprssed "kodomo ni yasai o tabesaseru."

"nomaseru(B), hakaseru(C), motaseru(D) "also have these meanings.

The expression that we showed in August lesson "kodomo ni okashi o

tabesaseru." is the third type of causative.The third meaning of

causative(ABCD-1)is to help or serve someone to do something.

Very few word have this kind of meaning. Please memorize upper word .

The verbs "miseru and kiseru"resemble causative form,so some students

misunderstand them. Causative forms of "miru and kiru"are "misaseru(E-2) and

kisaseru(F-2)".So they means compulsion.

"miseru "means to show something to someone (E-1) and "kiseru"means to help someone

get dressed.(F-1)

Please look at following pictures and you'll see the defference between "miseru

and misaseru","kiseru and kisaseru" clearly.

We'd like to show you the causative passive form next month. See you again.

For more information , please call us. TEL:03-3425-2478(Matsuyama)
EMAIL:BXK04364@niftyserve.or.jp , o1779uma@ca2.so-net.or.jp
/// JAPAN CULTURE STUDY GROUP ///

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